Race Riots Advancement for African Americans in America Essay

Race riots in America is a story told so little, but a story that is key to the hard work and road laid for African Americans. In the 20th century in times where we knew African Americans fought persistently for Civil Rights, seldom is their the story about the early 20th century. In the beginnings of the 20th century Riots broke out across all of the United States, over eight issues which included the following: Prejudice, Economic Competition, Political Corruption and Exploitation of Negro Voters, Police Inefficiency, Newspaper Lies about Negro Crime, Unpunished Crimes Against Negroes, Housing, Reaction of Whites and Negroes from War. Over the course of a span of fifty years more than eight riots broke out, including Wilmington race†¦show more content†¦Meaning there was an over throw of the government, kicking out all African Americans out of their political offices. History tells us in brief that the race riot began from Alexander Manly’s response about interracial relations claims made by Rebecca L Felton. â€Å"â€Å"When there is not enough religion in the pulpit to organize a crusade against sin; nor justice in the court house to promptly punish crime; nor manhood enough in the nation to put a sheltering arm about innocence and virtue----if it needs lynching to protect woman’s dearest possession form the ravening human beasts----then I say lynch, a thousand times a week if necessary.† Meaning White men are making it easy for African Americans to rape white women while they work out in their fields. Manly, a paper editor and owner of the Wilmington Daily Record responded to these claims, which are to be expected since he is mulatto. Manly responded stating that African American men are not rapist and push for these relations. Realistically we know this is not the only cause. Wilmington was a city on the rise, having the ability to be the biggest, richest urban city in America; Today’s Atlanta. The population consisted of strong middle class, and professionals; contrary to many people thoughts, All African Americans were not enslaved, poor or illiterate. Many former slaves moved to Wilmington following the war; to make certain that they could remain, there was a Freedmen’s Bureau office set up.Show MoreRelatedAfrican Americans : Slavery And Oppression1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe story(ies) of African Americans today and how their story(ies) have been shaped by slavery and oppression In the mid-1500s, European mariners started bringing black Africans to America as slaves. The slave trade was not new to Europe or Africa. In the eighth century, Moorish merchants traded humans as merchandise throughout the mediterranean. In addition, many West African people kept slaves. 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She was successful in everything Adriane did, she had many goals to achieve. One of the goals were to get across one point about how war world 1 and African Americans goes to Europe with American expeditionary forces in World War 1. How the story was a critical movement in the book â€Å"freedom of struggles†. Adriane was an aggressive and powerful writer and wanted everyone to hear her story on African Americans going to war, how back in timeRead MoreNational Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1042 Words   |  5 PagesNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) The mission of the NAACP is to protect and provide the political, educational, social, and economic equality rights of minority groups and citizens; attain equal opportunity of rights and excludes race discrimination between the citizens of the United States. The objectives of this mission are to inform the public of the adverse effects of racial discrimination and to seek its elimination, to seek enactment and enforcement of federal

The Harlem Renaissance Poets Essay - 1317 Words

Assignment 2: Project Paper: Harlem Renaissance Poets Karron Scott Prof. Josiah Harry HUM 112: World Cultures II 11/27/2012 The Harlem Renaissance was a wonderful allotment of advancement for the black poets and writers of the 1920s and early ‘30s. I see the Harlem Renaissance as a time where people gather together and express their work throughout the world for everyone to see the brilliance and talent the black descendants harness. The two authors I picked were W.E.B Du Bois and Langston Hughes. The reason why I picked these two is because of the dedicated work they have flourished during the Harlem Renaissance. W.E.B Du Bois was one of the most famous black political leaders during that time. Du Bois had a lot of talent to bring†¦show more content†¦One poem I chose from Langston Hughes that grabbed my immediate attention is his poem â€Å"The Weary Blues†. This poem written by Hughes is very powerful to me and expresses a deep message within for all Americans during that time; double-consciousness is notable all throughout the entire poem. Langston Hughes, who was one of the main focal points of figures of the Harlem Renaissance, tries to remain conscientious to his African-American roots in his foundation. His poem â€Å"The Weary Blues† is the perfect example of double-consciousness. The author of the article places an immersed question: Was Langston Hughes able to overcome the  "double-consciousness† and take the pot luck with African origins and roots, or did he also not know how to manage to escape from the assimilation in the melting-pot of the American culture? Reading the poem from him, he actually provides the answer, which he states that the poet succeeds in promoting the â€Å"folk† (Black) tradition, having to compromise with the compulsory framing into American (White) reality of the form and the content of the subject. The idiopathic themes expressed in both, Langston Hughes and W.E.B Du Bois during their time period were expounded in great detail. One line from W.E.B Du Bois poem â€Å"The Song of the Smoke† said â€Å"For blackness was ancient ere whiteness began†, this shows theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Harlem Renaissance Poets1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe first poet I chose from the Harlem Renaissance was the American poet, Countee Cullen This 1920s artistic movement produced the first large body of work in the United States written by African Americans. (Brown, 2012) The work, Yet Do I Marvel, took a racial theme, lynching of a black youth for a crime he did not commit. The poem is stark and makes reference to Sisyphus and speaks of how life is a struggle up a never ending stair. It speaks to God as if to wonder why, knowing that God is benevolentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Harlem Renaissance, African American Poets912 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the introduction of the Harlem Re naissance, African American poets started to gain popularity for their works. The works of African American poets were seen to be uninfluential to the genre of poetry due to the difference of addressed issues. Poets of African American decent did not only address issues of the sex, but also race, colorism, and class. Though fighting for some of the same issues, black poets had issues on a different spectrum from white poets. The emergence of Womanist derivedRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Poets: Countee Cullen and Georgia Douglas Johnson1389 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Great Migration of African Americans during the XXth century initiated a particular series of poets who chose to express their thoughts through writing. Whats more, what these poets had to say for themselves and collectively had been a sensible topic among groups of black people living in a most racist era. There was a lot published in the newspapers in those times and not everything was poetry. Letters were received from people seeking to flee from the southern parts of America where nothingRead MoreHarlem Renaissance Poets: Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Countee Cullen1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance was a time where creativity flourished throughout the African American community. At the time many African Americans were treated as second class citizens. The Harlem Renaissance acted as artistic and cultural outlet for the African-American community. The Harlem Renaissance, otherwise known as â€Å"The New Negro Movement† was an unexpected outburst of creative activity among African Americans In the poems Harlem by Langston Hughes, America by Claude McKay, and Incident by CounteeRead MoreEssay about Harlem Renaissance Poets: Countee Cullen and Langston Hughes1142 Words   |  5 Pagesthe majority of African Americans moved from South to the North of the United States. New economic and artistic opportunities led them to create and identify themselves in their own cu lture and heritage. This movement is well-known as the Harlem renaissance. It was accompanied by new lifestyle, music styles, and plenty of talented writers. This paper discusses two poems from this period: Heritage, written by Countee Cullen, and The Weary Blues, written by Langston Hughes. There is a lot of mysteryRead MoreEssay about The Harlem Renaissance1515 Words   |  7 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Harlem Renaissance Poets consist of: James Weldon Johnson, Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Jean (Eugene) Toomer, Langston Hughes, Sterling Brown, Robert Hayden, and Gwendolyn Brooks. These eight poets contributed to modern day poetry in three ways. One: they all wrote marvelous poems that inspired our poets of modern times. Two: they contributed to literature to let us know what went on in there times, and how much we now have changed. And last but not least they all have written poems thatRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Harlem Renaissance represents the rebirth and flowering of African-American culture. Although the Harlem Renaissance was concentrated in the Harlem district of New York City, its legacy reverberated throughout the United States and even abroad, to regions with large numbers of former slaves or blacks needing to con struct ethnic identities amid a dominant white culture. The primary means of cultural expression during the Harlem Renaissance were literature and poetry, although visual art, dramaRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreBlack And Blues - Langston Hughes1623 Words   |  7 PagesKelsee Robinson Mrs. Fiene English 12 14 March 2017 Black and Blues – Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance was a time in history when the African American culture had one of its most influential movements by using creativity and the arts (Hutchinson 1). This movement took place between 1918 and 1937 and was shaped by both African American men and women through writing, theatre, visual arts, and music. The purpose of this movement was to change the white stereotypes that were associated withRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance Brought A Great Amount Of Value1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance brought a great amount of value to the African American group. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature changed. During this time writer Langston Hughes shined out with amazing works. The harlem reneisance made It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It has many names other than Harlem Renaissance, such as, the Black Literary Renaissance, or the New Negro Movement. Many famous people began their writing or gained their recognition dur ing this

Current Account Deficit in Australia and Relevant Economy Policy free essay sample

The overall economy condition of Australia Australia’s economy has experienced positive reforms over the last two decades. These reforms have boosted the country’s economy and raised the country’s standard of living. In 2009, Australia was the 13th largest economy by nominal GDP of US$930. 8 billion (Wikipedia). Positively engaged in world trade, Australia is ranked the 21st largest importer and 23rd largest exporter in the world (Economy Watch 2009). Export commodities are: coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment. The top5 export destinations are China, Japan, North Korea, India and United States. Import commodities are: machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products. The top5 import sources are China, United States, Japan, Thailand and Singapore (Australia fact sheet 2009). Balance of payments in Australia Although Australia has achieved significant economy growth, it still has many problems in developing its economy. To be specific, Australias large current account deficit is currently the greatest concern to some economists. For the past three decades, Australia has had a BOP deficit with its CAD having grown from $195 million in December, 1979 to $18483 million in December, 2009 (ABSxls). With the enormous BOP deficit, Australia has to take measures to control the sources of BOP deficit, so that it will not fall into a debt crisis like Greece’s. The latest BOP statistics are listed below: Table1 Current account ;-18483 Goods and Services ;-7467 Goods and Services credits ;60234 Goods and Services debits ;-67701 Goods ;-6898 Goods credits ;46638 Goods debits ;53536 Services ;-569 Services credits ;13596 Services debits ;-14165 Primary income ;-10897 Primary income credits ;9672 Primary income debits ;-20570 Secondary income ;-119 Secondary income credits ;1608 Secondary income debits ;-1727 (Sources: ABS 2009) Table2 Capital and financial account ;17943 Capital account ;-35 Acquisitions/disposals of non-produced non-financial assets ;0 Acquisitions/disposals of non-produced non-financial assets credits ;0 Acquisitions/disposals of non-produced non-financial assets debits ;0 Capital transfers ;-35 Capital transfers credits ;0 Capital transfers debits ;-35 Financial account ;17978 Direct investment ;7731 Direct investment, Assets ;-6087 Direct investment, Liabilities ;13817 Portfolio investment ;-298 Portfolio investment, Assets ;-34144 Portfolio investment, Liabilities ;33846 Financial derivatives ;-2165 Financial derivatives, Assets ;12133 Financial derivatives, Liabilities ;-14297 Other investment ;11529 Other investment, Assets ;-4008 Other investment, Liabilities ;15536 Reserve assets ;1181 Net errors and omissions ;541 (Sources: ABS 2009) From the first chart, we can see that the major components of current account deficit were primary income deficit and goods deficit. At the end of 2009, Australia had a current account deficit of $18483 million in current price terms. Specifically, primary income had a total negative amount of $10897 million, which forms the largest part of current account deficit. Goods had a negative amount of $6848 million, so Australia’s net import was $6848 million. Besides, services account had a negative amount of $569 million, which illustrates that services import exceeded the services export by $569 million. There were large amount of transactions in goods and services, with a total debit of $67701 million and a total credit of $60234 million. From the second chart, we can see that little capital transactions happened during 2009. The total amount of capital account was -$35 million, which belonged to capital transfer. Financial account had a surplus of $17978 million, with the imbalance in other investment account contributing $11529 million to the surplus. Although there were large amount of transactions in portfolio investment account (assets had an amount of -$34144 million and liabilities had an amount of $33846 million), its net amount was only -$298 million. According to analysis above, the major contribution to current account deficit is the imbalance in primary income. As the debits amount exceeds the credits amount by over $10000 million, which tells us that income outflow—that is the income paid to foreigners by Australians is the major cause of current account deficit, government should take measures to minimize income outflow in order to control the deficit of current account. Since the current account balance is synonymous with net foreign investment in national income accounting (Carbaugh 2002), we can also analyse foreign investment to get an understanding of current account deficit. Table3 Sep Qtr 2009 Dec Qtr 2009 Sep Qtr 2009 to Dec Qtr 2009 $m $m % change _______________________________________ BALANCE ON CURRENT ACCOUNT Trend estimates -14 587 -17 509 -20 Seasonally adjusted -14 731 -17 459 -19 BALANCE ON GOODS AND SERVICES Trend estimates -3 345 -6 349 . . Seasonally adjusted -4 224 -6 062 . . NET PRIMARY INCOME Trend estimates -11 027 -10 973 Seasonally adjusted -10 270 -11 234 -9 LEVELS AT END OF PERIOD International Investme nt Position 756 233 768 628 2 Net foreign equity 122 511 120 733 -1 Net foreign debt 633 722 647 895 2 ________________________________________ . . not applicable nil or rounded to zero (including null cells) Sources: ABS 2009) Table4 Australias investment links, as at 31 Dec 2009: Level of Australian investment abroad (A$m): 1,159,088 Level of foreign investment in Australia (A$m): 1,927,716 (Sources: Australia fact sheet 2009) From table4, we can calculate the net foreign investment is $768628 million at the end of 2009, which is consistent with the figure in table3. From September to December, international investment position increased by $ 12035 million while the current account deficit increased by $2922 million, which indicates that the change directions of IIP and CAD are the same. With net foreign debt account for the major part of IIP, we can come to the conclusion that foreign investment contributes to the CAD in Australia, especially the foreign debt. Table5 International Investment (Sources: ABS 2009) According to figures in table5, Net IIP increased steadily from June, 2008 to December, 2009, which indicates a possibility of continuous growth of Net IIP. From analysis results above, change directions of IIP and CAD are the same, thus we can make a prediction of increase in CAD for the year 2010. The importance of BOP to Australia’s economy Table6 SELECTED INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTS RATIOS(a)(b) 6-07 07-08 08-09 Sep Qtr Dec Qtr Mar Qtr Jun Qtr Sep Qtr Dec Qtr 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 GDP ($MILLION) 1 091 328 1 181 751 1 256 458 317 319 329 497 301 194 308 448 312 031 nya Current account –5. 4 –6. 2 –3. 0 –5. 5 –4. 4 –3. 2 –3. 0 –3. 4 –4. Goods and Services –1. 2 –2. 1 0. 5 –1. 6 –0. 7 0. 3 0. 5 0. 1 –0. 6 Credits 19. 7 19. 8 22. 7 20. 8 22. 4 23. 2 22. 7 21. 6 20. 0 Debits –21. 0 –21. 8 –22. 2 –22. 4 –23. 1 –22. 9 –22. 2 –21. 4 –20. 6 Primary income –4. 2 –4. –3. 4 –3. 9 –3. 7 –3. 5 –3. 4 –3. 4 –3. 5 Net International Investment Position 56. 1 56. 0 57. 1 57. 2 57. 7 58. 1 57. 1 60. 4 61. 4 Net foreign equity 6. 7 4. 8 6. 4 3. 0 1. 4 4. 3 6. 4 9. 8 9. 6 Net foreign deb t 49. 4 51. 2 50. 6 54. 2 56. 3 53. 8 50. 6 50. 7 51. 8 ya not yet available (a) Derived from current price original data. The net international investment position ratios are derived from the net foreign liabilities at the end of the period and GDP for the year ended with that period. Other ratios use only data for the year ended with the period shown. (b) For the latest reference period, GDP for the year ended with the previous quarter is used. (Source: ABS 2009 ) From table6, we can see that the ratio of current account to GDP increased from an absolute value of 5. 4% (06-07) to 6. 2% (07-08), which shows the growing importance of current account in Australia’s economy growth. The ratio fell to 3. 0% (08-09) as a result of world economic recession. However, after June of 2009, it started to increase again. Net IIP has an increased ratio of 56. 1% (06-07) to 57. 1% (08-09) and at the end of 2009, the ratio boosted to 61. 4%. The steadily increased ratio demonstrates IIP has a close connection with Australia’s economy growth. Therefore, we can safely make the conclusion that current account balance plays an increasingly important role in Australia’s economy and change of Net IIP have direct connection with Australia’s GDP. Imbalance of primary income account accounts for the main part of CAD while Net Foreign debt accounts for the main part of Net IIP. Here comes the question that is the continuous CAD a problem to Australia’s economy? For Australia, the answer is â€Å"no†. As a net borrower, if Australia borrows money to invest in capital equipment which generates a high enough return instead of borrowing money to consume , then the CAD is beneficial for the economy growth since the investment reaps benefit from borrowing (McTaggart, FindlayParkin 2003). Table7 LEVELS OF FOREIGN DEBT AT END OF PERIOD AND SELECTED RATIOS ________________________________________ Period Debt liabilities(a) $m Reserve assets $m Other debt assets $m Net foreign debt(a)(b) $m Ratio of net foreign debt to GDP(c) % Ratio of net interest to goods and services credits(d) % ________________________________________ANNUAL ________________________________________ 1996–1997 302,846 -22,791 -71,427 208,628 39. 4 -11. 2 1997–1998 346,971 -24,260 -94,929 227,782 40. 6 -9. 7 1998–1999 359,839 -23,954 -105,196 230,689 39. 0 -9. 4 1999–2000 421,771 -27,948 -116,019 277,804 44. 2 -10. 6 2000-2001498,775-37,951-147,352313,47246. 6-9. 6 2001-2002523,654-37,435-156,456329,76347. 0-9. ________________________________________ (a) Levels from December quarter 1991 are not strictly comparable with levels from earlier periods, due to changes in methodology. (b) Equals debt liabilities less reserve assets and other debt assets. (c) Ratio derived by expressing net debt at a particular date as a percentage of current price original GDP for the year preceding th is date. (d) Ratio derived by expressing net interest on debt as a percentage of exports of goods and services for the year preceding this date. (Source: Balance of Payments and International Investment Position 2002). Table7 illustrates that although ratio of net foreign debt to GDP increased from39. 4% to 47. 0% between1996 and 2002, the ratio of net interest to goods and services credits decreased 2 percent for this period. Hence, it can be claimed that Australia has used the borrowed funds wisely during this period and this increased consumption possibilities for all Australians in the future. If Australia continues to use foreign debt wisely, CAD will bring benefit to the country. Analysis of consequences and prospects of BOP The GDP of Australia has grown with Australia’s BOP deficit. In other words, CAD in Australia is good for the nation’s economy development. With a large growing amount of Net IIP, Australia’s economy growth will be greatly influenced by foreign investments. Thus, a continuing deficit in BOP is expected for the following years. Put it into details, large amount of transactions will be entered into goods and services account which belongs to current account and similar transactions will be recorded in portfolio investment account which belongs to capital and financial account. The total amount of BOP deficit will increase steadily with Australia’s GDP growth. Internal balance vs. external balance The basic objective of economic policies is the country’s economic stability with full employment. This is known as internal balance and considered to be of primary importance. What’s more, policy makers are also aware of a nation’s BOP position. A nation’s external balance is said to be achieved when it realizes BOP equilibrium. Nations usually consider internal balance to be the highest priority unless they are confronted with large and persistent external imbalances, when the priority will be switched to external balance (Carbaugh 2002). Major internal variables of Australia According to statistics released by CIA for the year of 2009, at the end of 2009 Australia had a GDP of US$ 824. 3 billion (PPP) and increased by 1% compared with the year before. Its labour force was 11. 44 million, ranked 44 in the world. The unemployment rate was 5. 7% and increased by 1. 5% from the year before, ranked 55 in the world. The inflation rate fell from 4. 4% in 2008 to 1. 9% in 2009, ranked 62 in the world. The average exchange rate per US dollar is 1. 2894, a slight increase from 2008. In summary, Australia enjoyed an economy growth with relatively low inflation rate and unemployment rate. Macroeconomic and microeconomic policy settings The significant economy performance of Australia in 2009 cannot be apart from the nation’s wise implementation of macroeconomic and microeconomic policies. With its wide choice in economy policy, Australia recovered from the world economic recession quickly. Microeconomic policies Product and labour market reforms have been implemented since 1990’s. This has led to the growth in employment and productivity. Owing to a lack of water supply, water management issues have remained one of hot topics for discussions of Australia’s economy policy. In order to reduce the over-exploitation and wastage of water and natural resources, reforms were put into effect. The increase in aging population, shortage of skilled labour and adequate manpower lead to the labour supply problems in Australia. Immigration is a main contributor to the labour supply. Policies related to incentives for work has formulated. Economy policies also include provision of benefits to disabled workers who are over 55 years old. As a result of successful microeconomic reform, private sector savings and investment decisions were used to achieve external balance. Being acknowledged as a capital-importing nation, Australia invites foreign savers to make investments here, causing the current account deficits (Nguyen n. d. ). Other economy policy includes improvement and development of education system, reorganizing industrial relations and putting stress on infrastructure management (Economy Watch c. 2009). Macroeconomic policies Australian government has used macroeconomic policies successfully in the rebound of Australian economy after the global financial crisis. Before, fiscal policy was once used for achieving external balance objectives, and then it was abandoned quietly due to the successful microeconomic reform (Nguyen n. d. ). During the economic recession, a fiscal stimulus package worth over US$50 billion was brought into effect to neutralize the effect of the slowing world economy, while the Reserve Bank of Australia implemented the monetary policy of reducing interest rates to historic low levels. These policies together with aggregated demand for commodities—especially from Chinahelped the Australian economy rebound after just a quarter of negative growth (CIA 2010). Australia was one of the first developed countries to raise interest rates after the economy downturn. Since October, 2009, it has raised interest rates for 3 times. â€Å"As a result of an improved economy, the budget deficit is expected to peak below 4. 2% of GDP and the government could return to budget surpluses as early as 2015† (CIA 2010). Recommendations for future policies Macroeconomic policies should be used in conjunction with microeconomic policies in boosting Australia’s economy. Since the BOP deficit has an increase trend, prudent investigation should be made to analyse the potential threat of CAD to Australian economy. Interest rates can be further increased to attract private investment from foreign savers in exploitation of Australia’s abundant natural resources. Economy policy should also be made in encouraging local residents to make more savings or investments as a source of their superannuation after retirement. As a result, the old will demand less support from the government and the financial burden of Australian government can alleviate to some extent, which leads to a decrease in government deficit and ultimately reduces the CAD. Furthermore, â€Å"reduction in geographical segmentation of markets should be introduced as it slows down greatly efficiency of labour† (Economy Watch c. 2009). Conclusion From contents above, we can come to the conclusion that the main contribution to Australia’s CAD is primary income deficit and that net international investment has a close connection with BOP deficit. Whether CAD is beneficial or harmful to Australia’s economy depends on how the borrowed money is spent. If it is used for investment, then CAD will bring benefits to the country’s economy. Or else, it will be an obstacle to the economy growth. Economy policy is the major determinant of Australia’s economy growth. Macroeconomic policies should be combined with microeconomic policies in promoting the nation’s prosperity. The wide implementation of Macroeconomic policy enabled Australia to recover from the economic downturn quickly. The success of microeconomic reforms promotes the continuous growing of Australian economy. Both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies can be used for adjusting the external balance. Bibliography ABS 2009, Balance of Payments and International Investment Position, ABS 2002, Balance of Payments and International Investment Position , Carbaugh, RJ 2002, International Economics, 8th edn, Thomson-South Western College Publishing, Cincinnati, Ohio CIA 2010 the world fact book Australia, Economy Watch 2009, Australia Economy, Economy Watch 2009, Australia Economic Policy, McTaggart, D. , Findlay, C. Parkin, M. 2003, Economics, 4th edn, Addison Wesley, Sydney, pp. 808-819 Nguyen, D n. d. , Macroeconomic Policy in Australia, Market Information and Research Section 2009, Australia fact sheet,

Too Much Stress - You Decide free essay sample

Chapter 12 Cases Study Too Much Stress? You Decide HRM 335 Western International University June21, 2011 ? Too Much Stress? You Decide 1. When conflicting medical opinions are presented, should the advice of a medical expert count more heavily than the opinion of the general physician? Explain. The conflicting medical opinions is that one of these doctors is an expert at treating depression and the other one is a biased doctor â€Å"company† doctor. The medical advice they were relying on was only from a doctor that was that of a â€Å"fair and impartial†, but not an expert. 2. Is the charge of discrimination presented by Donald’s lawyer relevant to the case? Explain. Yes, the case is relevant because Donald’s treating decision is from an â€Å"expert† and he was being denied his prior position back because the decision of a â€Å"company† doctor. There should have been regulations in place to help the employees who were being overwhelmed with the stress at the job. We will write a custom essay sample on Too Much Stress You Decide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The discrimination is there because the company is relying on an opinion of an impartial doctor and no that of an â€Å"expert. † 3. If you were presented with this case, what decision would you reach? Explain. I believe that the opinion of a treating physician who works for the company should not be used as a basis for their decision. This doctor had only seen Donald twice, once before he was granted leave and another time when he was trying to return to work. I believe his medical doctor, who is also an expert in this case had been treating him throughout the eight months he was on medical leave. The opinion of his personal doctor should have been relied upon because of his expertise. Donald, never having felt better is because of the medical treatment he received from his own physician who again, is an expert at treating depression.

Bowling for Columbine Essay Example

Bowling for Columbine Essay Example Bowling for Columbine Paper Bowling for Columbine Paper Michael Moore has created some of this centurys most provocative films, including Roger Me, The Big One, and Bowling for Columbine.These three films hold one thing in common: They are all non-fiction.If they were to be labeled into one genre, or if one were to search for them in a video store,documentary commonly associated with these films.Moores most recent film, Bowling for Columbine, won the Best Documentary Oscar at the 2003 Academy Awards.But what exactly is a documentary, and should Moores work be classified in such a genre? Websters Dictionary defines a documentary as a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event.Moore does in fact present facts in his film, including interviews with various people, most notably, Charlton Heston.Additionally, he leads us along his journey throughout the country (and Canada) to find out why America is so obsessed with guns.The facts Moore presents certainly do have a liberal spin on them, but that does not mean that his work is not a documentary. Some have argued that documentaries must present an objective opinion about a subject.This is impossible.The Italian Neo-realists tried to create a real cinema in the early 1930s and failed.The reason was simple: The camera always chooses to focus on something within the frame, therefore limiting the viewers options not very realistic.Moore does much of the same.He uses his art as a persuasion.He never admits to presenting an objective view, nor should he be required to.Film, documentary or otherwise, is left to the sole discretion of the artist.Moores work is in fact a documentary because it presents facts of a non-fiction story (not like a non-fiction dramatization, such as Patton).Although it may conceal some facts as well, it is not the obligation of a documentary to present things in an objective manner such Related Papers Question 2: what I found out about Politics and the Media Columbine Massacre Speech What Makes a Credible Documentary Magic Realism Film Criteria Malcolm X vs. Skins What are the conventions in films that help to signify Genre Theory Robocop How to cite this page Choose cite format: Bowling for Columbine. 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Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Bowling for Columbine Paper On the 20th of April, 1999, in a little town called Lilleton in the U. S, two students from the Columbine High School committed a massacre. During a period of three hours, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed twelve students and one teacher, and injured dozens of others. Finally, they shot themselves in the head. Later the police detected over 900 bullet holes in the school (Bowling for Columbine)1. Apart from this horrible crime, the macabre fact is that all of the involved guns which had killed these innocent people were legally purchased, and the huge amount of bullets was bought at the K-Mart down the street (Bowling for Columbine). It is true, nobody will ever know if this disaster could have been prevented by a general gun control at that time, but one thing is for sure: it would have been a lot more difficult to purchase the used firearms and bullets if a general gun control would have been enacted before. Although, a comparison between the USA and the UK, where gunposession was prohibited in 1997, shows that after enacting the law, the crime rate surprisingly went up instead of down, still more than 10. 000 humans die because of guns in the States every year. That number represents the highest death rate in developed countries and can only be reduced by a stricter enforcement of gun control. As a result, the crime rate would get lower and the public would be safer place. In his article What gun controllers dont want you to know2, Howard Nemerov, who not only graduated from Harvard and won the National Book Award, but also got the Pulitzer Price, is presenting a vivid example that the inaction of gun control can end in a failure by analyzing official crime rates of the United States from 1992 till 2004. Coeval, Nemerov lists the same period of crime rates of the United Kingdom, where 1997 had been a strict gun ban, prohibiting civilians of possessing any kind of handgun and compares them to the US. The crime rate was expected to drop, but in fact it went in the completely opposite direction, as the following statistics show. In 1992, the UK had a burglary with entrance rate of 2. 5%, and the U. S had a rate of 3. 5%, one percent higher than the UK. If compared to the statistics of the year 2000, the burglary rate in the UK went up to 2. 8%, and that was after the prohibition of guns in 1997. In contrast, the percentage in the U. S. went down to 1. 8%. In addition to burglary with entry he also compared the statistics of sexual assault of women, robbery and assault with force. In all three of these indices the outcome is similar; the percentage in the U. K. rose, whereas in the U. S. it sank. Furthermore he presents the fact that in that period, where guns were prohibited in the U. K. over 70 million guns were sold in the States. He summarizes that [], a reasonable person is forced to conclude that availability of firearms to the general public is not a contributing factor to any increase in crime. He continues with another fact stated by the Home Office of Britain: during 1997 and 2001 homicide rates rose 19% in the UK while falling 12% in the USA. His comparison shows, that a general prohibition of gun possession does not already mean that crime rates will go down. However, the annually average death rate through guns in the UK is 163 times is lower than in the US. The exact number of shot people in the UK in 2001 was 63 and in the US amazing 11 127 (Bowling for Columbine). In addition to the fact that the US has the highest death rate through the use of guns, also accidents while using guns with no criminal intentions rise the death statistics. In 1996 140 children were killed after being accidentally shot and about 1500 children are hurt by guns every year. Since it is a fact that the US has the highest shooting death rate of 11 127 humans annually compared to other developed countries, 91% of American citizens are for at least minor restrictions on gun ownership. In addition to that, 57%, more than half of the Americans, even vote for a gun ban or major restrictions. It is a fact that some foreign countries have low rate of crimes despite they have less restrictions than the US. For example, Switzerland and Japan have gun policy which is completely different form those in the US; nevertheless, the crimes rates of these countries are quite low in comparison with the US ones. 3 One more example: the Swiss are issued fully-automatic rifles to keep at home, yet abuse of military weapons is rare. The Swiss own two million firearms, including handguns and semi-automatic rifles, they shoot about 60 million rounds of ammunition per year, and the rate of violent gun abuse is low. 4 Lets compare: rifles and handguns are prohibited in Japan, they have a very strict policy as for this issue, and its very difficult for a person to get a gun in Japan. Yet, the number of crimes doesnt lowers, but is even going much higher. The same may be said about many countries which have strict restrictions as for the weapons. 5 So, in the U. S. crime rates have shown to be lower than in courtiers with strict firearms laws. And they werent raised even with the fact that since 1991 in the USA the number of privately owned firearms has risen by perhaps 50 million. Only in 1993-1999 the number of guns privately owned in the States increased on 37 millions. Notwithstanding, the accidents or murders rates didnt go higher. This point may lead to the conclusion that the gun policy restriction wouldnt influence it too, but I think thats not right. People buy guns. And each gut ever bought is a certain threat to eny one of us. Another question is why people buy weapons? What for? Why? What influences people? Why do people bear guns, why do they use them? People are afraid of becoming a victim, they try to defense themselves. And media is the thing which has a great influence at peoples mind. The public depends on the media for its pictures of crime. Many peoples opinion about the situation in the country, about crimes taking place periodically forms on the basis of what they see on the screen, what they hear on the radio. And those horrible events the journalists describe in their coverages make people be afraid of becoming a victim. In addition a great number of such headlines in the newspapers, a great number of such reports on the news. As a result, people what to make sure nothing like that ever happens with them and get guns mislead by the idea that it will help.

Spinner Dolphin Facts

Spinner Dolphin Facts Spinner dolphins were  named for their unique behavior of leaping and spinning. These spins can involve more than four body revolutions. Fast Facts: Spinner Dolphin Size: 6-7 feet and 130-170 poundsHabitat: warm tropical and subtropical waters in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian OceansClassification: Kingdom: Animalia, Class: Mammalia, Family: DelphinidaeLifespan: 20 to 25 yearsDiet: Fish and squid; locate prey using echolocationFun Fact: Spinner dolphins gather in pods that can number into the thousands and are known for spinning and leaping.   Identification Spinner dolphins are medium-sized dolphins with long, slender  beaks. Coloration varies depending on where they live. They often have a striped appearance with a dark gray back, gray flanks and white underside.  In some adult males, the dorsal fin looks as if has been stuck on backwards. These animals may associate with other marine life, including humpback whales, spotted dolphins and yellowfin tuna. Classification There are 4 subspecies of spinner dolphin: Grays spinner dolphin (Stenella  longirostris  longirostris)Eastern spinner dolphin (S. l.  orientalis)Central American spinner dolphin (S.l.  centroamericana)Dwarf spinner dolphin (S.l.  roseiventris) Habitat and Distribution Spinner dolphins are found in warm tropical and subtropical waters in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Different spinner dolphin subspecies may prefer different habitats depending on where they live. In Hawaii, they live in shallow, sheltered bays, in the Eastern Tropical Pacific, they live on the high seas far from land and often associate with yellowfin tuna, birds and pantropical spotted dolphins. Dwarf spinner dolphins live in areas with shallow coral reefs, where they feed during the day on fish and invertebrates. Click here for a sighting map for spinner dolphins. Feeding Most spinner dolphins rest during the day and feed at night. Their preferred prey are fish and squid, which they find using echolocation.  During echolocation, the dolphin emits high-frequency sound pulses from an organ (the melon) in its head. The sound waves bounce off objects around it and are received back into the dolphins lower jaw. They are then transmitted to the inner ear and interpreted to determine the size, shape, location and distance of prey. Reproduction The spinner dolphin has a year-round breeding season After mating, the females gestation period is about 10 to 11 months, after which a single calf about two and a half feet long is born. Calves nurse for one to two years. The lifespan for spinner dolphins is estimated at about 20 to 25 years. Conservation The spinner dolphin is listed as data deficient on the IUCN Red List. Spinner dolphins in the Eastern Tropical Pacific were caught by the thousands in purse seine nets targeting tuna, although their populations are slowly recovering due to restrictions placed on those fisheries. Other threats include entanglement or bycatch in fishing gear, targeted hunts in the Caribbean, Sri Lanka, and the Philippines, and coastal development which affects the sheltered bays that these dolphins inhabit in some areas during the day. Sources and Further Information American Cetacean Society. Spinner Dolphin: . Accessed April 30, 2012.Stenella longirostris (Short-Beaked) and Delphinus capensis (Long-Beaked)Culik, B. 2010. Odontocetes. The toothed whales: Stenella longirostris. UNEP/CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. Accessed April 30, 2012.Hammond, P.S., Bearzi, G., Bjà ¸rge, A., Forney, K., Karczmarski, L., Kasuya, T., Perrin, W.F., Scott, M.D., Wang, J.Y., Wells, R.S. Wilson, B. 2008. Stenella longirostris. IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Accessed April 30, 2012.Nelson, B. 2011. Why Does This Dolphin Have Its Fin On Backwards?. Mother Nature Network, Accessed April 30, 2012.NOAA Fisheries: Office of Protected Resources. Spinner Dolphin (. Accessed April 30, 2012.Stenella longirostris)OBIS SEAMAP. Spinner Dolphin (. Accessed April 30, 2012.Stenella longirostris)Perrin, W. 2012. Stenella longirostris (Gray, 1828). In: Perrin, W.F. World Cetacea Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at marines pecies.org/aphia.php?ptaxdetailsid137109 on April 30, 2012. The Mammals of Texas. Spinner Dolphin. Accessed April 30, 2012.

Inequality in Brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inequality in Brazil - Essay Example The country has a very diverse social setting with the population consisting of white people who arrived during the era of migration and discovery, black people who arrived during the slavery period and various diverse indigenous communities. The black population has been the one mainly discriminated by the white dominating population. The country has the second most populous black population in the world after Nigeria. The inequality in the country date back to the slave period of which the country had been under Portuguese colonization for hundred of years making the injustices deep rooted and to be accepted as a norm. Unlike in the US or South Africa where inequalities had legal backing, inequality in Brazil takes a cultural twist with the white people exercising cultural domination. Black population together with other non-white indigenous population have come to accept some of the practices regarded as social injustices, as a norm and civilized way of behavior (Smith 76). The no n-white population has been discriminated in almost all sectors, especially in socio-economic and political spheres. With discrimination in education, all other areas are affected. Afro-Brazilians have been greatly sidelined in education system making the acquisition of jobs very hard. Public schools do not have the capacity of providing quality education with the well-established and advanced white schools only affordable by the white elites. Since these Afro-Brazilians cannot secure good schools, they are deprived off the chance of obtaining objective knowledge, many abandoning schooling altogether. The lack of schooling at young age dashes the hopes of ever acquiring higher education in colleges and universities. This institutionalized form of discrimination affects all other areas of the Afro- Brazilians, leading to poor living conditions. The system of education has thus become an institution structured and systematically regulated to make sure the Afro- Brazilians do not gain enough knowledge to enable them to earn decent wages. With no sustainable wages, the black population has very limited economic influence, the majority barely making the stipulated quarter of the minimum wages. In turn, the Afro-Brazilians are artificially put at a disadvantage and cannot escape absolute poverty no matter what they do. This economic subjugation leaves the Afro- Brazilians with no other option rather than to take up the roles domestic laborers as an occupation. Many have become homemakers and lowly servants of the elite oppressive society. This has been argued as total humiliation; as they are forced to work in the homes of their oppressors where they continue to be deprived further (Salardi 3). Brazil is among the countries of the world that inequality has continued to thrive unchecked. The majority of black women have no formal employment with about eighty percent working in the manual sector, which is very challenging to these women forcing them to sometimes negle cting their homes. They are specifically employed as domestic servants or domestic task and are among the lowest paid workers in the country and in the developing emerging economies of the world. With such low unreliable income, poverty becomes inherent, passed from one generation to the other, in the Afro- Brazilia

Business Strategy Report for H&M Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Strategy Report for H&M - Essay Example the UK fashion market in 1976, and eventually became one of the leaders in the UK fashion-apparel retailing market, with 234 stores across the country, and the second-biggest apparel retailer in the world. (H&M’s Annual Report, 2013) The fashion industry is one of the most vibrant and creative business sectors in the UK. It directly contributes nearly  £21 billion to the UK economy. (British Fashion Council, 2014) H&M is currently ranked as the second-biggest apparel retailer in the world, following the Inditex, the parent company of Zara. H&M states that it vision is that all its operations are run in a way that is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. (H&M, 2014) The company is helping to meet the needs of both present and future generations by supporting fundraising program, ensuring the working condition in its supply chain and continuously developing new and green materials in production. The main mission of H&M is to offer quality fashion at the best price. In its company report, H&M states numerous of times that quality is more than making sure that products meet or exceed consumers’ expectation. H&M is constantly working towards its vision and mission. And this is the key for its profit and growth. It is not rare to find high quality clothing or clothes at a low price within the fashionindustry. Therefore, by utilizingresources and depending on strong design team, H&M is combing the core competencies of quality, fashiondesign with a best price strategy, to ensure its competitiveness. The idea of the fashion industry is to spot the right trends on catwalks and have the items on shelves before your competitors do. This makes the rivalry level is high since there are a large number of similar retailers including both large and small firms. The rapid change in the industry leads firms constantly renewing their product to appeal to fickle customer bases as well. In addition, the loss of consuming interest on apparel caused by

Evidence Rule Essay Example for Free

Evidence Rule Essay The best evidence rule pertains to the rule that the evidence that is permissible on the court is that evidence which is original. It is because when copies of evidence are made, there is a possibility that the copy will be altered or tampered so copies are not the best evidence. The best evidence to be presented would be the original evidence. The best evidence rule implies that copies or unoriginal evidences be not permissible to the court. I think it is because the only thing that could prove the document and the involvement of that document would be the evidence itself. And the content cannot be compromised because it may lead to false conclusion of the proceedings. It is also called the â€Å"original writing rule† (Bergman Berman-Barrett, 2008) This will be discussed further later. However, a secondary source may be used as the evidence to be presented on a court trial if the original is not available. The original is pertained as the primary source. A primary source is that which is original and has come or created during an event. A secondary source would be those sources that resulted from the primary source. The content of a secondary source contains information or opinions regarding to the primary source (Eamon, 2004). It means that the secondary source comes only after the primary source and is just related to the source. So, a copy is not necessarily a secondary source. It may be a copy of a primary source. In a court trial, the primary source is what is usually preferred to be introduced. When it is not available, secondary source can be used, as said earlier. The best evidence rule states that as long as the original document is available, that should be produced for a court trial. A secondary source will only be admissible if the original document is not available. So when the original document is difficult to produce, it doesn’t mean that the secondary source can be used as an alternative. The lawyer should do his best to produce that original document. This is what it meant for the original writing rule. As I’ve mentioned earlier, the content of a document would be the document itself. There can be biases if secondary sources will be used in place of the original document. An example of introducing a secondary source in place of the primary source will be when a document that would prove that there really has been a contract been lost, say, in a fire. A secondary source, in a form of a testimony can be used as evidence. References: Bergman, Paul and Sara Berman-Barrett. 2007. Represent Yourself in Court: How to Prepare and Try a Winning Case. USA: NOLO. Eamon, Michael. 2004. Defining Primary and Secondary Resources. Library And Archives Canada. Retrieved 10 May 2009 from http://www . collectionscanada. gc. ca/education/008-3010-e. html.

Laidlaw by William McIlvanney :: Laidlaw William McIlvanney

Laidlaw  by William McIlvanney Laidlaw is a novel written by the famous Scottish born author William McIlvanney. His inspirational style of writing has delivered him prestigious awards for all his high quality novels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Laidlaw is set in the urban city of Glasgow in the 90's and delivers a cutting insight to big industries and crime in society. McIlvanney creates a stunning atmosphere and examines the fascinating issues of why people commit murder and the devastating results of violence. One of the reasons I selected this novel wasn't just because of the quality and origin of the author and the setting , it was because of the infuriating character of Cheif Detective Inspector Jack Laidlaw , he is the main character and the most memorable one.   He is the spearhead of the investigations into the murder of a teenage girl , he has to do this in a city of hard men, villains and fat cat businessmen.   To look more deeper into the mysterious character of Laidlaw and his personality , we need to look at his interests and prejudices , Laidlaw is the main focus , in this novel and he captures everyone’s imagination and thoughts . He is an unorthodox det ective who is always wondering about the nature of society , threading his way through pubs and clubs trying to find the murderer of an apparently innocent girl. Laidlaw is such a memorable character who requires to be looked at and examined closely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack Laidlaw is a universe apart from other examples of detectives , he examines the more intriguing issues of how and why people can commit the reprehensible crime of murder and the harrowing aftermath of crime and violence. Jack Laidlaw can deeply understand people more than anyone could ever imagine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack Laidlaw is an odd sort detective, and this is an odd sort of novel. He lives and works in the gloomy, cheerless heart of urban Glasgow; and he keeps the works of "Camus"," Unamuno" and "Kierkegaard"in his top desk drawer, "where other detectives would normally rather keep their secret stashes of liquor." Unlike many other detectives with uppity tastes in literature, no one congratulates him for this or encourages him in any way; the whole world tells him that he thinks too much to be a good detective . However, he persists in trying to understand crimes as well as solve them : "You want to live as if the rest of the world was just a necessary evil and that you have to be a monster to be a criminal ,it's fucking not true , it's all in peoples concealed heads.

Pursuing Perfection: Society, Media and Beauty

Beauty has been long defined as a set of attractive features a certain individual appreciates. It is a generally accepted notion that beauty remains to be declared by the one who sees. However, as time went by, people’s sight blurred and along the chaos, this individual’s notion of beauty became the one and only truth. Being sensitive to what is real beauty is as dull as it sounds inefficient.To simply redefine what is beauty is never simple. Influenced from certain icons, highlighted by flashing media, and affirmed by many socialites, beauty has become more than a description of the face. Women had to be always pretty and slim.Men had to be muscular and strong. It has become a high demand in the market where hobbies and little appreciation became obsessions. The American society would almost chant miracles by cosmetic surgeries. The media plays a major influence, the society tolerates the subtle imposition, and the person within grasps the whole idea with both arms. Me dia Affirmation Media affirms the silent speculation of how people define beauty. People think they will not fit in with other people and ad commercials will show them how they can be happier when they are as beautiful as their models. It will be a challenge, the ad would say, but worth doing so.Little did the audience know that they were simply trying to sell their products that truthfully caring for their lives. To be young and full of physical life is the only key to happiness. According to website Media Awareness Network, ads take advantage of the insecurities of the people. Those who are not beautiful should use their products. When they use the products, and achieve the kind of beauty they desire, then their lives would be worth living. These ads could be as simple as the right clothes to wear for the season or the latest trend in cosmetic surgery available in the market today.Regardless of what product it is, it will make their lives perfect, or so their ad says so. Media has presented different options: shampoos, soaps, perfume, lipstick, make-up, clothes, accessories, shoes, bags, and even underwear. Media would allow people to choose to make them feel the freely did so. But each item on the racks and shelves of malls and grocery stores lead to say one thing: if you want to be beautiful, use it until you are. Society and the Tasty Bait In this regard, media hands over a product as a bait, and society takes a bite on it.In any generation of people, what others think and feel about a certain person mattered a lot to that person. It dictates how they should fit in into society and how they can be truly happy when they are truly beautiful. When the ads say a person will have to be slim so that others would even find true friends, then it would seem then that the basis of relationships is shallow to begin with. For every culture, beauty is defined differently. However, in the latest trends of fashion and influences, and the rise of a global market, one con strued definition has crossed borders.It made the world want that kind of beauty. The kind that is rather superficial than appealing to certain existential individuals and society is most appealed by it. It is one thing to have all forms of media present a definition of beauty, it is another when the rest of society applies these bait to everything it was intended for. Website Associated Content noted that media distorts the meaning of beauty but the society takes as it is. One could even say that society even confirms the ads and everybody else should follow. People should always be beautiful and sexy no matter who or where they are.Weakling Within There will always be the option to not follow the trends and be themselves no matter how eccentric they are. But as the society dictates, the individual is more inclined to follow. This means that other affairs associated with that person is influenced by the constantly changing trends. YGoY Beauty Tips even noted that even in employment , employers also consider the physical attributes of a person before hiring them under their wing. However, as observed of majority of America, they failed to consider other attractive qualities of a person that cannot be observed by the eye by first glance.Being intelligent with a great sense of humor can also be considered as beautiful. The individual is weak and insecure. It has made them quite gullible and the companies have taken advantage of this by blasting all avenues of media possible solutions. They are saying, one will have to feel beautiful to be less miserable. With ads presenting mostly physical beauty than essential beauty, an individual will assume that beauty should start from the skin, instead of from the heart. Companies catered to the fears and insecurities and turned them around to make them buy the product to solve their problems.These assumptions, according to the abovementioned website, were affirmed by a research study. People strongly believe that physicall y beautiful people are happy and content with their lives. It has become their personal goals to reach this level. They failed to see that without being the epitome of beauty, one can achieve great happiness as well. But because the society applies what the media says, an individual bends to these trends. As another article from Associated Content said, beauty is demanding. Conclusion In the end, the definition of beauty today is the misconception of what is really most important in life.It deludes the public and make them feel secure enough to get into the next day. It pushed people to believe that you always have to fit in. Little did these people know that they are just being succumbed to buy certain products and make other people happy. Certain people bend for it and others end being obsessed with it. Beauty became a form of evil when it should be most appealing even with eyes closed. Beauty has been defined by media, as a marketing strategy to continually have their products on sale. Society takes on the definition beyond that an economic exchange. They made it as a way of life, indulging at what the media offered.The individual succumbs to the manipulation to alleviate their own insecurities. With this, one loses the essence of being an individual. Being who you are no longer mattered and fitting in did. Being happy is not being able to express oneself completely. Instead it is about being beautiful and always appealing to anyone’s eyes. They pursue perfection. But how could anyone continuously look at a person’s face, and appealed by it, if the words that come out of their painted lips are not as the plastic face has promised? References (2005). What are the notions of beauty in society. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://beautytips.ygoy. com/general-tips/effects. php. (2006, December 20). Society and the pursuit of society. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/103679/society_and_the_pursuit_of_b eauty. html? cat=9. (2008). Beauty and body image in the media. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. media-awareness. ca/english/issues/stereotyping/women_and_girls/women_beauty. cfm. Little Lady. (2006, November 8). Media distortion of beauty. Retrieved November 20, 2008 from http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/84381/media_distortion_of_beauty. html? page=1&cat=60.

George Orwell, 1984 Essay

The introduction of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four says it all. It cannot be denied that control is present in the society. A few sentences in the first paragraph: â€Å"On each landing, opposite the lift shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran (Orwell 2). † How do you feel when you keep being reminded that someone is looking after you? Or, to be more politically correct, having you under surveillance? The introduction of the book is about Winston Smith who gets inside his London apartment. The tone of the introductory sentences is depressing and dark. The living conditions are undeniably squalid. In this part, it was clear that Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia are the three superpowers that divide the world into pieces. Oceania is where Winston Smith came from (Orwell 1). These superpowers are never in good terms with each other. Because of the wartime conditions that seem constant in the environment and the nature of the countries, the people of Oceania are always repressed. The conditions brought about by war caused the government of Oceania to let its people suffer through repression. The people are always monitored. Surveillance is as common as eating. The party members, however, are not always given enough supply. There is also a private rebellion taking place because the government was no longer humane. In this private rebellion, Winston Smith is a member of the Outer Party. Winston is writing in his diary every single day. Because this decision is crucial, he accepted that what goes with private rebellion is doing some forbidden steps. He has to do forbidden steps because he is serving a party that he did not want to serve (Orwell 2). He buys the diary which was part of the things confiscated during a raid into the proletariats. He meets a young lady outside the shop where he purchased the diary, and he noticed that it is the same girl who keeps on eyeing at him for a few days. Because Winston started feeling that he should be there, and because he felt that the woman was spying on him, he immediately tries to stay away from her (Orwell 2). With this introduction, it clearly shows how totalitarianism has ruled the world. Nineteen Eight-Four is a novel that shows negative utopia. It cannot be denied that totalitarianism was at its most rigid. Totalitarianism was the kind of power used to execute total control of the people (Ellis and Reed, 2008). Orwell had been successful in representing control, in which he introduced through an entity referred to as Big Brother. This has four branches. One is called the Ministry of Love, in which law enforcement is done. The other is called Ministry of Plenty, where economic affairs and issues are handled. The Ministry of Peace is what takes charge of the war taking place in the country and around the world. The Ministry of Truth is the one that manages the dissemination of propaganda. Without the Ministry of Truth, the printed materials and other things needed for administering propaganda won’t be equally distributed. These four ministries make up the government (Ellis and Reed 2). Meanwhile, Winston Smith does not conform to this ideology. This idea is spoon-fed to him, with the concept of Big Brother being used. The government is feeding him with unnecessary things and ideas that he, himself, knows he does not need. Going back to the life of George Orwell, it can be seen that he reflects the character in his novel. George Orwell, like Winston Smith, has the same aesthetic and social characteristics. They both have the same political perceptions. This may be the reason why the novel is undeniably an excellent one, because he could write it as easily as writing his own thoughts, beliefs and feelings. He wrote excellently the representation of control in just simple paragraphs like: â€Å"Behind Winston’s back the voice from the telescreen was still babbling away about pig-iron and the overfulfilment of the Ninth Three-Year Plan. The telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound that Winston made, above the level of a very low whisper, would be picked up by it, moreover, so long as he remained within the field of vision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard (Orwell 8). † In the novel, there was clearly no way of being aware about how an individual is being watched. If an individual had to make a sound, someone will always hear it. If an individual is in the dark, then he or she can be safe. But if it is bright out there, then there is no chance that the movement of the individual is monitored and fully observed (Orwell 8). The practice of control as a way of administering power was done through television surveillance in the novel. Security cameras are everywhere. Just about any spot, a speed camera will be seen. The citizens were disturbed, and especially Winston Smith, because the people were not free and they were no longer happy with their lives of what the government was doing to them. In a more physical point of view, George Orwell wrote the following to give the audience a better picture of how the government, in the novel, had controlled and repressed the people (Ellis and Reed 2). The political perceptions of George Orwell are shown through Winston Smith. Aside from Orwell’s perception of politics, he also showed his disbelief, or skepticism, rather, of mass media, through the character of Winston Smith. It is no surprise that George Orwell was skeptic of the media because he has spent some of his time working for BBC, also known as the British Broadcasting Company. By working for BBC, he was able to see how information was distorted before it is distributed to the public (Ellis and Reed 2). The information they got were not presented as is on television. He was aware as he witnessed how propaganda was distorted. Because of his experience in working for a mass media outfit, he knew that whatever the public was getting from the television, the radio and the newspapers were not at all completely true (Ellis and Reed 2). Other information and important facts were omitted before news is aired. Now, he came up with the novel to let the public know what is happening behind authorities, and how much control is being executed before the public gets what it gets (Ellis and Reed 2). Control, in this novel, is clearly represented because it does not state that control is destroying the society just because it is there. The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four clearly suggests that the government, or the state as a whole, is there to manipulate everything. Individuals in the society are being controlled by the state, and control is employed on the information being released to the public. In the novel, the â€Å"telescreen† is a constant object. The telescreen, in the novel, is a tool for control. Everyone needs to have a telescreen. It is a dominant item in any household in London, especially in Airstrip One, the capital city, which used to be referred to as England. Aside from the telescreen, other ways are used to employ power and a quote from the book is here to show it, â€Å"There will be no love, except the love of BIG BROTHER. There will be no laughter, except the laugh of triumph over a defeated enemy. There will be no art, no literature, no science. There will be no distinction between beauty and ugliness. There will be no curiosity, no enjoyment of the process of life† (Orwell 238). Indeed, the state, just like in today’s society, aims to reshape the minds of the people. Whatever is happening in the novel of George Orwell does not end there. It continues and is widely seen in our society today. Out society, through the television, convert our minds into what the government or the media thinks we should think about. The theories of mass media are there to help us understand that for the media to sell, they need to create something interesting for our eyes. We need to see controversies. With all these, we learn to create our sides. Creating our sides is never pure anymore because even before we learn to form our opinion, the media and the state already manipulates the information given to use. The tools we use to shape our minds when it comes to our thoughts on the elections, the issues on war and terror, and economic crisis, are shaped by a higher power by using control.

The Circuit written by Francisco Jimenez

The Circuit written by Francisco Jimenez Free Online Research Papers Francisco Jimenez shows a lot of sympathy, apathy, empathy, and advocacy in The Circuit. This makes the reader want to keep reading the story. It is easy to spot in his book. You just have to know what those terms mean. There are many times in The Circuit where these terms are not only written, but also felt by the reader. That is part of what makes a book good. The meaning of sympathy is to feel sorry or pity for another person. When someone breaks a leg, you have sympathy for him or her. â€Å"’Don’t be stupid†¦ your family,† [dad] stammered. Gabriel held back. His face flushed with rage† (The Circuit, 92). This is a sign of sympathy because Francisco’s dad feels pity for Gabriel’s family, so he stops Gabriel from going into a fight. Gabriel gets the only money for his family, but if he gets fired then his family doesn’t get any money. Apathy is the exact opposite of sympathy. It means to lack feeling for someone else. To see someone hurt and just walk by is apathy. â€Å"†Well this isn’t your country, idiot! You either do what I say or I’ll have you fired!† â€Å"Don’t do that, please,† Gabriel said. â€Å"I have family to feed.† â€Å"I don’t give a damn about your family!† the contratista replied, grabbing Gabriel by the shirt collar and pushing him† (91). This is apathy because the contratista doesn’t care about Gabriel’s family. He just wants Gabriel to work for him. To have empathy you have to know how another person feels because you share the same experience. For example if someone is freaked out about going on a roller coaster, and you already went on the roller coaster, but you felt the same way then you have empathy. â€Å"After my brothers and I had put away our few things, I sat on the floor and looked at my pennies. I wanted to make sure they were not rubbing against each other in the box before placing them underneath the mattress. When I looked up, Rorra was standing next to me. â€Å"Can I have one?† â€Å"One what?† I asked. â€Å"A penny,† she answered. â€Å"Not one of these,† I said. â€Å"These are special.† She maid a face then walked away, stomping her tiny feet† (104). I have empathy for Francisco, because my little brother asks me for toys and gadgets all of the time. I usually say that he can’t have them, and he usually has a fit about it. Advocacy is very different from empathy. Advocacy means to stand up for someone. If I stood up for my little brother while he was being picked on, then that would be advocacy. â€Å"†If Manuelito doesn’t play then I won’t either,† I said† (93). That is advocacy because Francisco is standing up for Manuelito in a game called kick the can. I proved that there are advocacy, empathy, sympathy, and apathy in The Circuit. Francisco learned a lot in this story, and we learned a lot about his story. I think that he would be proud of us to discovery all of these details of his story. He probably didn’t see it like this when he was my age. Research Papers on The Circuit written by Francisco JimenezThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Fifth HorsemanBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayBringing Democracy to AfricaThe Hockey GameMind TravelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized Testing

3 Major Changes Happening in Retail in 5 Years

3 Major Changes Happening in Retail in 5 Years Are you currently employed in a retail position or looking to find one? If so, and you’re in it for the long haul, you can expect to encounter some big changes across the industry in the next several years. This is due to a variety of factors- from technological innovation that’s reshaping how consumers purchase products, to changes in the global economy and individual spending habits. 1. Basic Industry TrendsHere are some of the basic trends that are expected in retail over the next several years, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics:Retail employment is projected to grow at a rate of 2 percent. This is slower than average, but opportunities will be available, largely due to the high employment turnover that’s characteristic of the industry.The greatest concentration of retail employment will be on the east and west coasts of the United States; the states with the highest employment levels will likely be California, Texas, Florida, New York, and Illinois. Places with the highest annual mean retail wages will likely be the District of Columbia, Washington, North Dakota, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.Industries with the highest levels of retail employment will likely be general merchandising stores, clothing stores, building supplies dealers, sporting goods and hobby shops, and car dealerships.2. Changes in Hiring ProceduresDo your memories regarding the retail positions you’ve held throughout your career involve walking into various stores, completing paper applications, and submitting it to an employee or manager? If so, then you can expect to notice a change in how hiring is done over the next few years. Expect the slow, old â€Å"paper and pen† application process, which often meant weeks of waiting for a response while mountains of applications were reviewed, to be replaced by a more computerized and efficient hiring process- from applying to onboarding and everything in between.Many of the components of hiring are b eing automated and shifting to computers, allowing for a faster turnaround time. Savvy and progressive-minded companies are realizing that satisfied and well-adjusted employees (from day one, when they’re still candidates) are crucial to their success, and are focusing on improving the â€Å"candidate experience,† which means making the hiring process as easy, transparent, and confusion-free as possible. Some are even embracing artificial intelligence (AI) tools to screen candidates and keep them updated throughout the hiring process faster and better than ever before. The ultimate goal here is for companies to attract and retain the best available talent to staff their teams, which will ultimately benefit their bottom lines and long-term success.3. Growth in E-CommerceThe shift in consumer purchasing and spending habits from brick and mortar stores to online shopping is undeniable- and has impacted every aspect of the retail sector, including job opportunities. As mor e people choose to shop online, expect to see less of a need for physical stores to connect with customers. As a result, we can expect to see a portion of the retail staffing needs of companies shift from in-store employment to online positions, including customer support, warehousing and inventory tasks, and more.Therefore, tech-savvy candidates with computer skills under their belts will likely have the best chances of obtaining the retail jobs of the future. If this sounds like you then you should be in good shape, but if your computer skills need some work then it might be a worthwhile investment to get them up to speed.There it is- a glimpse at some of the changes that you can expect to see in retail hiring and employment over the next 5 years. Use this information to help you prepare for the retail world of the future, and avoid any big surprises. Good luck!

Identifying the academic and Behavioural Support Needs of Teachers Dissertation

Identifying the academic and Behavioural Support Needs of Teachers Teaching in LINUS classrooms in Malaysia - Dissertation Example Presently, there are about eight local based universities and the Intercontinental Islamic University which are engaged in the original training of Malaysian teachers in secondary schools. Moreover, the universities and other 28 colleges for teachers carry out the majority of Malaysian teacher education (SEAMEO Innotech, 2008). National Philosophy of Education (NPE) The National Philosophy of Education was officially put on record in 1988. The philosophy makes the use of the word ‘God’ in a basic manner to incorporate all beliefs. It is expected that having faith in God will foster positive principles that will facilitate the mitigation of social vices. The Malaysian National Philosophy of Education lays emphasis on the integration and balancing of the growth of sacred, academic, expressive and substantial realms. The education system is structured to attain this philosophy through three curricular tactics: thinking across the curriculum, values across the curriculum and language across the curriculum (Mock & Kauffman, 2002; p.211). Literacy and numeracy has placed the basis for teaching in primary education and beyond. Arithmetic, reading and writing are inherent in the fundamental rights to education. Lack of these potentials makes it unbearable for students to achieve higher efficacy in education and professional engagements in the contemporary society. Studies reveal that a section of Malaysian student populations are not well endowed with fundamental numeracy and literacy potential. For instance, in the year 2008, about 54,000 pupils in year one were selected with a low level of literacy expertise and admitted in the Initial class of Intervention Reading and writing while 117,000 year four pupils were admitted with no fundamental expertise in numeracy into a 3R remedial programme (Priestley & Rabiee, 2002; p. 371). Academic Support Needs of Teachers Teaching in LINUS classrooms in Malaysia The Malaysian government has a transformational progra m under the education National Key Results Area (NKRA) which targets to do away with the high rates of drop-outs caused by the inability of the students to deal with the demanding curriculum. There were about 31,939 dropouts from school in 2008 alone from both secondary and primary levels (Zalizan, 2000; p. 187). The main purpose of the Literacy and numeracy screening policy is to ensure that most Malaysian children get the fundamental skills in numeracy and literacy in the three years of mainstream primary education. NKRA education in Malaysia has established a target of 100% numeracy and literacy for all pupils in the entire three years. Using the fundamental literacy skills, the pupils are required to posses the capability to write, read and comprehend the phrases, plain and complicated sentences and make use of the information acquired in routine communication and learning (Malaysia, 2006). To attain the fundamental numeracy, pupils have the obligation to write, read and make co unts of whole numbers from 1 to 1000 by the time they reach year three. They are also required to show the potential to get solutions to fundamental arithmetic skills and facts in the routine function, which involves time, measurements and currencies. As opposed to the earlier attempts in addressing the problems regarding numeracy and literacy, LINUS concentrates on the initial interventions during the initial primary years prior to the pupils’